ECO365 Week 2 Simulation Essay

Simulation The supply and demand factors are essential to the work of economics. The use of these demand curves help businesses to maximize profits and the supply curve depicts the best price for the most product. These statistics are shown on a graph, which changes according to the supply and demand in a particular market (Colander, 2010). This simulation is an example of Good life property apartment rental supply and demand. This paper will discuss two microeconomics and two macroeconomics principles or concepts from the simulation. Also it will identify at least one shift of the supply curve and one shift of the demand curve in the simulation. In addition, it will discuss the effects of supply and demand in the workplace. Last, Relating to the simulation, it will explain how the price elasticity of demand affects a consumer’s purchasing and the firm’s pricing strategy. Two microeconomics and two macroeconomics principles Within this simulation are multiple examples of microeconomics and macroeconomics. One example of microeconomics is Good life property raising or lowering its rental rate for the apartments. Because it is a business decision, it falls under microeconomics. Another example is the percentage of inventory that Good Life has allotted for rental of their inventory. Macroeconomics deals more with decisions made higher than the business itself. For example, the increase of income caused by the addition of Lintech, is macroeconomics. Also the government imposing a cap on the monthly rent of 1550 dollars for two-bedroom apartments is a macroeconomic decision. One shift of the supply curve and one shift of the demand curve The supply curve is represented by a gradually increasing line on the graph of the scenario. The line represents the price and quantity for which apartments are purchased. For example, a shift in the supply curve was witnessed when  the new business entered the area. The addition of Lintech working facility prompted more consumers to want apartments. The supply curve moved left to indicate less supply on hand. The downward slope on the graph represents the demand curve. As recently explained, the price and demand are captured on this line. The increase of rent caused the demand curve to shift to the left, indicating a decrease in demand (Colander, 2010). Effects of supply and demand in the workplace In the petroleum industry, the price is relatively elastic. The demand of work from day-to-day is determined by the consumers demand for that product. Some days will require 12 hours of service whereas others will require eight hours of service to complete customer deliveries. With respect to supply, a shortage would negatively affect companies that are already customers. The shortage may increase price temporarily or an increase in the general cost of oil may increase price long term. The idea behind macro and microeconomics help to understand the impact that supply and demand have on the economy. Companies make educated decisions on a products life cycle according to the demand for that item. The equilibrium point (the intersecting point on supply and demand) is best suited for a product or service. How the price elasticity of demand affects a consumer’s purchasing and the firm’s pricing strategy The elasticity of price affects a company’s price tactics and consumer purchasing actions. If a products price changes, customer purchasing habits may rise or fall accordingly (Colander, 2010). If the demand for a particular apartment increases, as seen in the scenario, Good life properties will be able to raise rent rates in order to capitalize on the higher demand. On the other hand, customers may not purchase as much with a higher rent rate. As a result of increased rates, customers may seek alternatives such as conventional homes. This is how price elasticity effects consumer purchasing and the price point set by companies. The price for items or services may be too high which would cripple the potential earnings. A look at the supply and demand charts depicts the best price point. Good life property management have maximized its earnings and optimized its rental rates by using the supply and demand curves. Considering the petroleum industry, supply, and demand directly affect the price. Price elasticity is also a factor to consider when setting  the price for services or products. References Colander, D. C. (2010). Economics (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Retrieved April 11, 2013 from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Internationalisation of Nicolites e-cigarette in India - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2340 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? Introduction There are a number of factors that compel businesses to trade and market their products internationally. For instance, international marketing enables businesses to (1) increase their customer base and market share, (2) minimise their reliance on any single market and (3) avail benefits of becoming multinational brand (Buckley and Ghauri, 2004). Over the last decade and a half, international marketing has become substantial (Hill, 2012); to the extent that consumers barely notice the fact that a majority of the products they consume routinely are either sourced from international markets or contain components that are sourced from international markets. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Internationalisation of Nicolites e-cigarette in India" essay for you Create order Successful international marketing requires a diligent strategic planning process involving the assessment of the business environment and suitability of the target market. A conductive business environment of the target market and the presence of a lucrative market gap render a target market as suitable (Tallman, 2007). Following this assessment, a brand intending to internationalise needs to plan and execute the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organisational objectives (Sak and Shaw, 2004 p. 3). This essay relates to the internationalisation of Nicolites, the company that produces Nicolites electronic cigarettes in the UK to the Indian market. This essay evaluates the suitability of India as a selected target market for the expansion of Nicolites. It also evaluates a suitable entry method for Nicolites in India and suggests marketing strategies for the product as well. Market Opportunity Despite being widely considered as hazardous to health, smoking of cigarettes prevails at large across the globe. Therefore, any measures that can reduce the consumption of cigarettes, including providing an alternative for smoking are widely seen as a positive development. Provision of an alternative for smoking tobacco based cigarettes is the core marketing concept behind Nicolites e-cigarette. Nicolites e-cigarette was first introduced in 2007 in UK (Nicolites, 2015). Nicolites e-cigarette does not have any tobacco whatsoever, and hence it is free of more than 4000 known toxic chemicals and substances present in a regular cigarette (Nicolites, 2015). Nicolites e-cigarette is an innovative product that offers smokers a right alternative for regular cigarette through a true simulation of smoking experience which is cleaner, safer and healthier. Despite having a glowing red tip depicting a real flame, Nicolites e-cigarette does not require any flame or fire to burn. Moreover, i t does not cause any unpleasant smoke and odor, or gather smoky residue on walls, clothes, skin and hair of the users (Nicolites, 2015). Justification and Evaluation of the Target Market According to the Datamonitor Market Insights report titled Tobacco in India (2011), the overall tobacco industry in India was estimated to be worth approximately INR 58,730 crores (or $10 bn), in 2009. During the period 2004-2009, tobacco industry in India grew at an average of 8.5 percent; whilst during 2009-2014, it grew at an average of 6.5 percent (Tobacco Free Kids, 2015). The overall tobacco market in India is dominated by smokeless tobacco sales which constitutes 75 percent of the market (Tobacco Free Kids, 2015). Out of the remaining 25 percent tobacco market, 20 percent tobacco consumption comprises of smoking bidi, which is a hand-rolled, small, thin cigarette (Tobacco Free Kids, 2015). Thus manufactured cigarettes form only 5 percent of the market. Despite cigarettes being not one of the most popular tobacco products in India, Indians consumed 96 billion cigarettes in the year 2014, making the country the 6 largest cigarette consuming nation in the world and an important target for international tobacco companies (Tobacco Free Kids, 2015). A large, growing product market of cigarettes in India signals a lucrative product market for alternate products such as Nicolites e-cigarette. Thus it is established that India has a huge potential for alternative products to cigarettes such as Nicolites e-cigarette. After establishing the existence a lucrative market for Nicolites e-cigarettes in India, it is also important to assess whether the overall business environment of India is conductive for international brands. In terms of political environment, the Indian market has become liberal following the reforms in 1991 (Nuruzzaman, 2011). However, the capital market in India remains vulnerable to political changes (Nuruzzaman, 2011). In terms of economy, India has been growing steadily over the last decade. Last year, the Indian economy underwent a 7.5 percent growth (Ayres, 2015). According to the World Bank estimates, Indian economy has become the worl ds third largest economy in purchasing power parity terms (Ayres, 2015). The country has an escalating middle class which will continue to drive its economy and demand. Socially, India has a very diverse population in ethnic, religion, culture and socio-economic terms (Nuruzzaman, 2011). These factors can either be advantageous or disadvantageous for an international brand depending upon how it deals with them. Technologically, the urban centers in India are advancing with most of the urban middle class Indians having access to internet and media technologies through which branding and marketing communication activities can be pursued (Nuruzzaman, 2011). The economic and technological factors of India indicate towards a favorable business environment for Nicolites e-cigarettes. As for the political factors, any adversities posed by the political environment can be easily negated by choosing a right market entry strategy by Nicolites e-cigarette. The social factors of India are unlik ely to be impactful upon Nicolites as the company will most likely target a small niche market in India. Market Entry Selecting an appropriate international marketing entry strategy is a critical important decision within the process of internationalisation as it can be vital for the sustainable competitive advantage of the company (Buckley and Ghauri, 2004). There are many ways in which a brand can enter a foreign market. These can categorized as (1) direct production direct entry, acquisition, and joint-ventures (2) indirect production licensing, franchising, technical agreements, service contracts, etc. or (3) exports indirect, direct agent/distributor, direct branch/subsidiary, etc. (Rugman, 2009). The suitability of one of the above market entry modes for Nicolites depends upon the combination of several internal and external factors (Koch, 2001). For instance, Nicolites is a relatively young, medium size company with around one hundred employees (Nicolites, 2015). The company currently operates only across UK and does not have any international operations. The limited size of the comp any and subsequently its resources coupled with its inexperience in internationalisation makes it very unlikely for Nicolites to adopt a direct production as a market entry method. Direct production methods are the most capital and resource intensive methods of market entry requiring highest levels of commitment from the internationalising firm (Ireland, et al. 2011). Moreover, although Nicolites is the largest UKs e-cigarette brand (Evening Standard, 2013); it currently does not have the global brand equity and popularity of a multinational company. Therefore, Nicolites is less likely to be able to attract investors to operate franchises in India or secure favorable license agreements for indirect production. Resultantly, the internal factors of the company oblige it to pursue internationalisation through exports. Exporting local products to a foreign market is perhaps the most simplest and common methods of entry in international markets. Exporting involves sending goods from the home country to another for distribution, sales and services (Ireland, et al. 2008). Since the amount of goods exported can vary, exporting enables internationalising firms to move into an international market in a controlled manner that is, without risking high capital or making intensive commitments initially. This gradual process of market entry provides internationalising firms with the opportunity to explore the prospects of the target market and gain knowledge and experience before making large investments (McDonald and Burton, 2002). It is noteworthy that exporting strategy is vulnerable to exporting tariffs and can often face supply chain/logistics challenges in getting their goods to the international markets and eventually to the end-consumers (Ireland, et al. 2008). Additionally, exporting firms may also face difficulties in managing and dealing with local distributors (Ireland, et al. 2008). In case of NIcolites, exporting is the seemingly the most appropriate m arket entry method, as this method will negate any major risks of failure by allowing the company to gain experience in many facets of international business and particularly learn about the Indian market. This method will incur the least amount of initial costs for internationalisation. Considering that Nicolites products are value added finished goods, Nicolites will find it most suitable to continue to use its existing production facilities and supply chain to manufacture e-cigarettes and export it to international destinations. In order to overcome the challenges related to distribution and sales activities, Nicolites can hire its own local managers to avert the disadvantages of underperforming agents in a foreign market. As for the concerns regarding export tariffs, this is less likely to affect the business strategy of Nicolites in India as currently the Indian government has levied heavy taxes on all tobacco products (Narayan, 2015) which make tobacco free Nicolites e-cigaret te an attractive alternative for smokers. Segmentation Targeting customer segments in marketing strategy enables firms to decide ways for acquiring competitive advantage (Proctor, 2000). A market segment is a fraction of the whole target market that has one or more unique attributes that provide it a distinction and sets them apart from other consumer segments (Proctor, 2000 p.24) . Customer segments can be identified through demographic variables such as sex, age groups, family life cycle, literacy, earning, religion, ethnicity, etc.; and geographic variable which divides customer segments according to their localities (Proctor 2000). In India, Nicolites should target upper-middle and upper class consumers specifically from young adults and adult age groups who are open to new technologies and brands from various professional classifications living in upscale urban centers of major metropolises. Marketing Mix After identifying the targeted consumer segments, a firm should then determine a suitable targeting strategy (Kotler, 2000). By applying the marketing mix model in the Indian context, Nicolites can adapt its marketing strategy for Indian consumers. Internationalising firms have a choice of targeting their customers through either a standarised strategy in which standarised products are sold all over the world or through adaptation in which products are localised to meet the preferences of each target market. In the current context, it is suggested to apply a mix of both these targeting strategies. Product Nicolites has a trusted reputation as a brand and offers a high level of choice to its consumers in terms of strength and flavour of its products (Evening Standard, 2013). Moreover, Nicolites uses most advance cartomiser technology for e-cigarettes unlike most other brands which use 3 piece models that are associated with poor quality and leak (Evening Standard, 2013). Therefore, it is suggested that Nicolites should export the same high quality products in India to target its affluent consumers; although the company can bring in some variation in the strength and flavour of its e-cigarettes according to local preferences. Price From the four basic pricing strategies that is (1) premium pricing, (2) penetration pricing, (3) economy pricing, and (4) price skimming (Kotler, 2000) the current pricing strategy of Nicolites can be termed as premium. In India, the company should pursue the same pricing strategy to target its affluent consumers. Place In the UK, Nicolites works in conjuncture with a number of high street retail firms such as Tesco, Superdrug, WH Smiths, Co-op, Sainsbury, etc. as well as local newsagents and online (Evening Standard, 2013). Partnering with the National Federation of Retail Newsagents (NFRN), Nicolites has been filling the shelves of local corner shops across the country in pursuit of penetration and consolidation (Ansoff, 1965) growth strategy. In India, Nicolites can similarly distribute its products through high street retailers in upscale posh area of urban centers. Promotion Nicolites pursues a push strategy (Kotler, 2000) in UK in which it tries to make its e-cigarettes available in as many high street and corner shops as possible to penetrate the market. However, in India, it should focus on creating a niche market of affluent consumers out of the 5% consumers of manufactured cigarettes through a pull strategy (Kotler, 2000). In this way, it will be able to establish a superior international brand image in the minds of its consumers and increase its attractiveness among them. Conclusion This essay concludes that in order to expand the consumer base of the company and negate its reliance on a single market, Nicolites e-cigarette should internationalise its brand and enter the lucrative Indian market which is the 6th largest consumer of cigarettes in the world through exports. India has good market prospects for alternative cigarette products and a conductive environment for international businesses. By using a mix of standardised and localised marketing strategies, Nicolites should target the upper-middle and affluent class consumers of the country to pursue its international ambitions. References Ansoff, H. (1965), Corporate Strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill Ayres, A (2015). Economic Growth and Indias Global Rise. Forbes. Available from https://www.forbes.com/sites/alyssaayres/2015/08/17/economic-growth-and-indias-global-rise/ Buckley, P. and Ghauri, P. (2004) Globalization, Economic Geography and International Business, Journal of International Business Studies 35(2), 1-18. Datamonitor Market Insights, (20011).Tobacco in India An insight into the Indian tobacco market. Datamonitor Report Published: Feb 11 | Code: DMCM4789 Evening Standard (2013). Nicolites officially becomes the largest UK brand of electronic cigarette. Available from https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/nicolites-officially-becomes-the-largest-uk-brand-of-electronic-cigarette-8463753.html Hill, C. (2012) International Business. New York: McGraw Hill Education. Ireland, R. Hoskisson, R. and Hitt, M. (2008). Understanding Business Strategy: Concepts and Cases. Mason: Cengage Learning. Ire land, R. Hoskisson, R. and Hitt, M. (2011). Understanding Business Strategy: Concepts Plus. Mason: Cengage Learning. Koch, A. J. (2001). Factors influencing market and entry mode selection: Developing the MEMS model. Marketing Intelligence Planning. 19:5 351-361 Kotler, P (2000) Marketing Management. New Jersey: Prentice Hall McDonald, F. and Burton, F. (2002) International Business. London: Cengage Learning. Narayan, A (2015). Indian Tobacco Giant Tries Short Cigarettes as Taxes Hit Demand. Bloomberg. Available from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-15/india-tobacco-giant-tries-short-cigarettes-as-taxes-hit-demand Nuruzzaman, A. (2011). Indian Futures Market: An Analysis. Research Scholar, Department Business Administration, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 7(2) Dec., 2011 Proctor, T (2000), Strategic Marketing: An Introduction, London: Routledge Rugman, A (2009). The Oxford Handbook of International Business. New York: Oxford Un iversity Press. Sak, O and Shaw, J., (2004). Process of International Marketing. International marketing: analysis and strategy (4th ed.) London: Routledge. Tallman, S. (2007). A New Generation in International Strategic Management. Massachusetts: Edward Elgar. Tobacco Free Kids (2015). The Global Cigarette Industry. Available from https://global.tobaccofreekids.org/files/pdfs/en/Global_Cigarette_Industry_pdf.pdf

The Writings of Edgar Poe - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 873 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? The provided research focuses on Edgar Allen Poe’s stories and poems with careful consideration for particular historical events which influenced his writings on fictions both detective and scientific. As an acknowledged author in the eighteenth century, Poe’s life as a writer and an author was majorly inspired by his life’s hardships and the lessons he learned from them. Through his famous works such as The Raven, there is a clear link between the characters and personalities used in the stories to Poe’s life as an individual. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Writings of Edgar Poe" essay for you Create order For instance, most of his works begin mildly on the onset of writing them but end all punctuated with tragedy in the end (Poe, pg. 5). That aspect of the events can only be associated with how his life personally culminated into a series of tragedies. Aforementioned then directs the main idea of studying his work with a critical interest in finding out whether Poe’s works were inspired by literary works or rather his imaginations and the experiences he went through that shaped his life as a man. The unique and often dark style of writing adopted by Edgar Poe was stimulated by the major events that occurred in his life since birth. As a young boy he was separated from his parents and siblings and to make things worse, he witnessed all or almost the rest of his family die around him (Poe, pg. 3). The most obvious case of his writing being a reflection of his personal life is in his story, The Masque of the Red Death. The story is a symbolic use of a deadly disease in his days that took many lives and affected many people like a plaque. The disease in the story led victims and those it infected be subjected to isolation lest they infect another, the similarity then comes in the sense that Poe lost his mother and wife allegedly to a similar disease, tuberculosis (Poe, pg. 12). Such events can then be said to influence the writing of Poes articles and stories somehow. Following the death of Poe’s wife at a very young age of twenty-four, some of his works depict similar instances of young women losing their lives at very tender ages. Consider for example his works such as The Fall of the House of Usher. In this story, a character by the name of Roderick falls in love with his young sister who later dies young (Poe, pg. 12). The story echoes Poe’s own life in which he married his cousin at the age of thirteen only to die at the age of twenty-four as already indicated above. The beautiful young women are still put to lose their lives in the stories published by Edgar Poe. Consider again another of his poem Annabel Lee as an ideal example. In this poem, he describes the young lady undergoing a horrible painful death which can be likened by the type of gruesome experience his wife had undergone before she passed away (Poe, pg. 8). Under the same issue of death, Poe creates the same scenario of a young woman dying. Confirming his fascination or lack thereof of a young woman dying in the poem The Portrait are all associated and linked by the fact that he lost his mother, foster mother and wife all before he was able to reach the life of forty where he too passed away. The above-indicated incidences of Poe losing his loved ones spiraled him into pools of depression and compelled him into abusing drugs and alcohol I particular. This is also evident in his frequent use of an alcoholic character in his many works with a case in point example being The Black Cat. He portrays the character becoming violent to his cat that keeps him company and wounds it through the attacks. He points out clearly in the story that one night, returning home he reached for a pen knife in his pocket and cut the cuts eyes from the socket (Poe, pg. 11). The story and many others were written in personal styles and hence can be conclusively be associated with Poe as a person and the kind of life he led. Following the order and chronology of events that shaped Edgar Poe’s life, the death of his wife inspired key works published after his death like The Bells. The story is a general reflection of one’s life and the fears most people harbor inside themselves such as the possibility of dying, or worst case scenario being buried alive and the phobia associated with losing one’s life. The life translates the real life situations like celebrations and merry made when one is born and the despair involved when a loved one is lost. It directly reflects on the life cycle of human here on earth. As already mentioned Poe’s publications begin on a happy, joyful tempo but all wind up I despair and agony just like is the case in The Bells (Poe, pg. 19). Finally, it then confirms our beginning idea and fact checking basis informing this whole article that Edgar Poe’s writings and imaginations were inspired by his real and actual experiences rather than literary stu dies as is the case for other scholars.

How To Upgrade You Computers Memory Essay - 942 Words

How to Upgrade Your PCs Memory A memory upgrade is the easiest and most cost-effective upgrade that you can make to increase the performance of your personal computer (PC). The RAM, or random access memory, temporarily holds data and instructions as the central processing unit (CPU) processes them. As you increase your PCs RAM, its performance will be faster, and it will have fewer program or system crashes. When you purchase a PC, it usually will not come with the maximum amount of RAM possible, leaving you room to upgrade the amount. The process of adding additional RAM memory modules is relatively easy to do yourself if you have a basic understanding of how to operate a computer and how to operate Windows XP. Because Windows XP is†¦show more content†¦There are many different vendors that you can buy from. Retail stores such as Best Buy, Circuit City, and CompUSA carry the most commonly used RAM modules. You can also order online from manufacturers such as Crucial and Kingston Technologies. A quick search online will yield numerous websites where you can purchase memory. Many times, a vendor can assist you in selecting the proper memory for your PC. It is also important to note whether or not you can return the memory if you purchased the wrong type. Next is another very important step. Whenever you do any upgrades to your PC, whether it is hardware or a software upgrade, it is always advised to back up important data. Save your data to floppy disks or a CD. Step five is to prepare your computer for the memory upgrade. Turn off your computer and unplug the power cord. Disconnect the monitor, the keyboard, the mouse, and any cables that are attached to the computer. Move the computer to a suitable work area, preferably one that is not on carpeting. You are now ready to open the case. Refer again to the PCs documentation on how to remove the side panel. Most cases have from two to five screws on the back right side of the case that will be removed, allowing you to slide the side panel off from front to back. You then may want to lay the computer on its side, with the open side facing up, to allow you easier access. Before you continue, touch a grounded piece of metal, such asShow MoreRelatedExam 11A Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesProcesses Networking 2) The Windows 7 diagnostic tool used to monitor how efficiently the computer is running is the ________. (1 point) Services bar Task Manager Services tab Taskbar 3) Computer users who do not have Windows 7 and would like to reap the benefits of Task Manager can ________. (1 point) upgrade the amount of RAM and replace the CPU buy a whole new computer system downloadRead MoreFeatures Of A Operating System1048 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant software running on a computer because it handles the memory, processes and all of its software and hardware. The OS helps coordinate all the programs that can access your CPU, memory and storage so that each program gets what it needs. Without the operating system a computer and its software would be completely useless. Figure 1 depicts the OS programs that lie between the applications software and the computer hardware. It also shows how the application software links with the OS link with theRead MoreOperating Systems Essay1266 Words   |  6 PagesOperating Systems Many people use computers without knowing how does it works. The main software when using the computer is the operating system. The operating system defines all the experience when using a computer it manages the hardware and software resources of the computer system, provides a way for applications to deal with the hardware without having to know all the details of the hardware, and it is the software that makes all the programs we use work, and itRead MoreUsing A Computer For Work Or A Tablet For The Kids For School1225 Words   |  5 Pagesguide will teach you everything you need to know in order to buy top-notch second-hand computer equipment for you and the whole family. Introduction Long gone are the days of a single family computer. Today everyone has their own desktop or laptop and tablet or 2-in-1, that’s a lot of equipment for each household! With each of these devices needing replacement every 4 years or so [1], costs can really add up. So why not buy second-hand? Our handy guide will teach you everything you need to know inRead MoreAnalysis Of Sandy Hess s Basic Computer System947 Words   |  4 Pages‘Start Screen’. Instead of Icons, the new Start screen has ‘Tiles’ to open Apps. The default home screen for Windows 8 features a series of colorful tiles, each offering access to a discrete application. Each tile offers live information, so she can see how many emails are in her inbox, for example, without having to open an application. She can also customize her device s Start screen, adding for instance access apps, web pages, images or other apps she frequently uses. The Desktop mode in Windows 8Read MoreApplication Of A Raspberry Pi3667 Words   |  15 Pagesdesktop and you can certainly guarantee it will be smaller too. Another thing that differentiates the two devices is how the Raspberry Pi looks like a motherboard - the piece of a computer that allows components to communicate. This is because all the input/output ports are visible, whereas your typical computer would hide the motherboard in the monitor of a computer. Apart from these differences, the Raspberry Pi has all the necessary elements, like an average PC, to start simple computing. How does theRead MoreWhat Is the Importance and Functions of Bios?3875 Words   |  16 Pagesaround the world encounter a problem regarding Basic Input-Output System (BIOS). It is usually seen when a computer failed to shut down successfully where one can read the phrase â€Å"Enter BIOS system† on the options but not everyone knows what is it for, how does it function and is it necessary to be familiar with. That is why we have chosen to conduct a research paper regarding BIOS. It is important to have knowledge or idea about it because of its many uses, importance and functions on a computer systemRead MoreEssay about UNIX and Windows1218 Words   |  5 Pagesthe shell. The kernel is the part carries out basic operating system functions such as accessing files, allocating memory and handling communications. A shell provides the user interface to the kernel. A number of shells are available on the Unix operating system including the Bourne shell and the C shell. The shell is basically an extensive program that runs all the time that you are logged on to the computer, and provides an interactive interface between the user and the computer functions. TheRead MoreComputer Concepts Exercises2344 Words   |  10 PagesChapter 1 010100 The Web is just another name for the Internet. (Answer: False) 010200 A computer’s operating system is a type of application software. (Answer: False) 010300 Microcontrollers are special purpose microprocessors that can be embedded in devices such as refrigerators, cars, and washing machines. (Answer: True) 010400 A bit is a binary digit, such as a 1 or 0. (Answer: True) 010500 ASCII, EBCDIC, and Unicode are used to represent character data. (Answer: True) 010600Read MoreTaking a Look at the Phantom A32103 Words   |  8 Pages1 Jelly Bean and 1 GB dual core processor and 1GB RAM and 4GB internal memory was introduced in Phantom Asmart phone.Tecno Phantom A has dimension of 143.5x70.8x9.1mm and has image resolution 3264x2448pixel. 2. PHANTOM A3 SPECIFICATION Type: Smartphone Dimensions: 166.5 x 84.4 x 8.4 mm Operating system:Android Current:Android 4.2 JellyBean CPU: 1.5GHz Quad-Core Processor Model: MTK6589-Turbo GPU: Embedded Memory: 1 GB RAM Storage: ROM : 16GB ROM Expandable microSD up to up to 32G

Central problem of an economy free essay sample

Economics is the branch of social science which studies the human wants and their satisfaction. Human wants are unlimited and resources to satisfy these wants are limited . The problem of allocating the scarce resources to satisfy the infinite wants is the central economic problem. In economics, the term ‘scarcity’ means that wants are greater than resources. The resources in an economy refers to the factors of production ie, land, labour, capital and organization. The producers have to decide how factors of production shall be employed and the consumers have to decide which of their wants are to be satisfied. Thus scarcity and choice are the central problems of an economy. Basic Economic Problems or Decisions Since there is the problem of scarcity of productive resources in every economy, it has to take certain basic decisions regarding the production and distribution of goods and services in the economy. These decision making process is otherwise called as the Basic economic problems of an economy . We will write a custom essay sample on Central problem of an economy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The basic economic problems faced by any country are the following. 1. What to Produce? What to produce refers to what goods and services and in how much quantities are to be produced by the economy. The millions of people living in a country require many goods and services. But due to the scarcity of resources, the economy is not capable of producing all these goods and services. Increase in the production of one commodity will limits the production of other commodities. 2. How to Produce? How to produce refers to the method/technique of production. Techniques /methods/choice of production There are mainly two methods used in production; a) Labour intensive method and b) Capital intensive method. 10Method of production in which more labour and less capital are used is called Labour Intensive method Method of production in which more capital and less labour are used is called Capital Intensive method . Labour intensive method is suitable for developing countries and capital intensive method is suitable for developed countries. E. g. ; Cloth can be produced on hand looms or power looms. If hand looms are used, relatively more labour and less capital is employed. In the case of power looms, more capital and less labor is required. 3. For whom to Produce? For whom to produce refers how the total output is divided among consumers. Since goods and services produced are limited, all wants of the people cannot be satisfied by a country. 4. How to achieve Economic Growth? The attainment of rapid economic growth is another basic economic problem. Economic growth refers to an increase in the real per capita income of a country. Rapid economic growth can be attained by fuller utilization of the available resources. Economic growth of an economy can be represented by an outward shift in the Production Possibility Curve.

Internal Controls solutions of Finances Accounting Processes

Question: Discuss about the Internal Controls for Scu Limited. Answer: Internal controls solutions support the office of finance's accounting processes toward the financial close, as well as targeting improvements in management reporting and analysis and external financial reporting and disclosure. Although financial consolidation is one of six critical components in an organization's Internal controls approach, it was not a necessity for a vendor's solution to be evaluated. For example, two of the Leaders in this Magic Quadrant do not have financial consolidation as part of their solutions, but are Leaders in disclosure and reconciliations/close management. A vendor may be included in the Magic Quadrant if its solution has two out of the six key components of internal controls. Enforce Discipline on Role Management Through Methodology and Governance Many people are likely to be involved in enterprise role management over the course of the IAM program. Because the semantic distinctions between roles for people and resources are intended to protect the organization from costly role management mistakes, an organization-specific methodology should be established to protect the integrity of role management. Such a methodology should dictate processes for role engineering, and define guidelines for the topology of roles in each layer. The methodology should be enforced through a governance process that institutes formality over role engineering. Proposed changes to roles may need to be reviewed by a governance forum before they can be used. The level of ceremony needed in the governance process should be dictated by the needs of each layer. For example, the methodology may dictate that, because the risk of role explosion is often higher in the people layer than in the resource layer, all people-layer roles should require approval by a role architect (or a role board in larger organizations) before being activated. Internal controls also includes components of EFCA capabilities and financial consolidation capabilities. These applications ultimately help CFOs and other SCU Limited leaders to gain a clear picture of their financial and organizational performance by ensuring the accuracy of the consolidation for operational and financial information that forms the basis for SCU Limited decisions. Internal controls market share and revenue levels remain important factors; however, their significance has been reduced to give additional weight to new license and subscription revenue rather than maintenance revenue. Other scoring changes include, but are not limited to, an increased significance for: The value the vendor solutions apply to accounting processes in order to provide a baseline for performance and financial reporting. While some of the solutions may operate during the month, most of these processes focus on the post-GL financial and management close. Product strategy To reflect the value generated from a grouping of individual products as opposed to a complete Internal controls suite. Hence, financial consolidation is not a requirement for inclusion and if a vendor has two out of the six pillars of Internal controls, it may be included. Market understanding To reflect a wider product vision, and marketing and sales strategies that leverage direct sales, an ecosystem of affiliates and existing market recognition. Customer satisfaction To reflect the importance of vendor trust in a market where cloud-based solutions continue to gain traction. A range of Internal controls vendors address the financial close needs of small ($10 million to $100 million in annual revenue), midsize ($100 million to $1 billion in annual revenue) and large ($1 billion or more in annual revenue) organizations. The most common use of Internal controls solutions is to support financial and management reporting, either for corporate finance or for individual SCU Limited units or departments. A growing number of vendors have been enhancing their ease of use, best-practice enablement, time to value, collaboration and analytics capabilities alongside platform and integration improvements. As a result, these Internal controls applications can further enhance a finance department's ability to provide a performance baseline to its constituents to manage the SCU Limited. The Internal controls application market includes traditional on-premises vendors with modified, or new, cloud-based solutions and pure play SaaS. The Internal controls market includes vendors that also offer ERP solutions, but in order to be included, ERP vendors must show significant market presence and Internal controls investment outside their ERP customer base. (Note that if your current ERP vendor offers Internal controls capabilities such as financial consolidation, but does not appear in this analysis, you should still consider adding it to your Internal controls product evaluation for consideration.) This market also includes vendors that have SCPM capabilities, which are not considered in (nor do they influence) the vendor scoring for Internal controls. Core financial management applications provide visibility into an enterprise's financial position through automation and process support for any activity that has a financial impact. They include the core functional areas of general ledger (GL), accounts payable, accounts receivable (AR), fixed assets (FA) and project accounting. Our definition also includes basic purchasing functionality (from requisition to purchase order processing) but not strategic sourcing or e-procurement. Core financial management applications are sold as an integrated suite and also provide financial reporting as needed by local and international regulations. In addition to these core capabilities, some vendors also offer capabilities that extend the core financial management functionality, including: Project billing and resourcing This is often required in addition to project accounting by service- and project-centric organizations that bill clients for their services. Inventory management Basic inventory management functionality is often required by organizations that may hold some stock for resale or for allocation to projects but do not perform manufacturing or are not distributors/wholesalers. Sales order management Many organizations that are not manufacturers or distributors still need the capability to process sales orders (for example, software companies). Travel and expense management (TEM) This extends AP functionality to support employee travel and reimbursement. Although there is a significant crossover of solutions between these segments, they give an indication of suitability for organizations evaluating core financial management applications. For example, a solution mainly focused on organizations with revenue of $1 billion or more is unlikely to be a good fit for an organization with $50 million in revenue, unless it was planning on very rapid expansion. Similarly, geographic focus is an important indicator of suitability because vendors have to address specific financial, tax and regulatory requirements at a country and region level. Core financial management applications often do not have a strong industry focus because much of the functionality is common across industries. Organization size and complexity are more important factors in selecting the most appropriate finance solution. However, some vendors do have strengths in particular industries in terms of functionality and installed base. References: Wijaya, R.E., Ludigdo, U., Baridwan, Z. and Prihatiningtias, Y.W., 2015. Paradigm Blurred: Opera Cake in Management Internal controls Research.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,211, pp.859-865 Du, K., Huddart, S. and Xue, L., 2015. Internal controls and Asset Prices Diatmika, I.W.B., Irianto, G. and Baridwan, Z., 2016. Determinants of Behavior Intention Of Internal controls Based Information Technology Acceptance.Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research,2(8) Lipi, I., Rama, R. and Agaraj, X., 2015. Implications of Internal controls System Implementation in SMEs: A Study on Retail SCU Limited in Vlore Region.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(3), p.553 Ismail, N.A. and King, M., 2014. Factors influencing the alignment of Internal controls in small and medium sized Malaysian manufacturing firms.Journal of Information Systems and Small SCU Limited,1(1-2), pp.1-20 Uyar, A., Gungormus, A.H. and Kuzey, C., 2017. Impact of the Internal controls System on Corporate Governance: Evidence from Turkish Non-Listed Companies.Australasian Accounting SCU Limited Finance Journal,11(1), p.9 Amran, A.M., Rahman, R.A., Yusof, S.N.S. and Mohamed, I.S., 2014. The current practice of Islamic microfinance institutions Internal controls system via the implementation of mobile banking.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,145, pp.81-87 Tazik, H. and Mohammed, Z.M., 2014, February. Internal controls system effectiveness, foreign ownership and timeliness of corporate financial report. InProceeding of(Vol. 5).

About John Stuart Mill, a Male Feminist and Philosopher

About John Stuart Mill, a Male Feminist and Philosopher John Stuart Mill (1806 to 1873) is best known for his writings on liberty, ethics, human rights and economics. The utilitarian ethicist Jeremy Bentham was an influence in his youth. Mill, an atheist, was godfather to Bertrand Russell. A friend was Richard Pankhurst, the husband of suffrage activist Emmeline Pankhurst. John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor had 21 years of an unmarried, intimate friendship. After her husband died, they married in 1851. That same year, she published an essay, The Enfranchisement of Women, advocating for women being able to vote. It was barely three years after American women had called for womens suffrage at the Womans Rights Convention at Seneca Falls, New York. The Mills claimed that a transcript of a speech by Lucy Stone from the 1850 Womens Rights Convention was their inspiration. Harriet Taylor Mill died in 1858. Harriets daughter served as his assistant in subsequent years. John Stuart Mill published On Liberty shortly before Harriet died, and many believe that Harriet had more than a small influence on that work. The Subjection of Women Mill wrote The Subjection of Women in 1861, though it was not published until 1869. In this, he argues for education of women and for perfect equality for them. He credited Harriet Taylor Mill with co-authoring the essay, but few at the time or later took it seriously. Even today, many feminists accept his word on this, while many non-feminist historians and authors do not. The opening paragraph of this essay makes his position quite clear: The object of this Essay is to explain as clearly as I am able grounds of an opinion which I have held from the very earliest period when I had formed any opinions at all on social political matters, and which, instead of being weakened or modified, has been constantly growing stronger by the progress reflection and the experience of life. That the principle which regulates the existing social relations between the two sexes - the legal subordination of one sex to the other - is wrong itself, and now one of the chief hindrances to human improvement; and that it ought to be replaced by a principle of perfect equality, admitting no power or privilege on the one side, nor disability on the other. Parliament From 1865 to 1868, Mill served as a Member of Parliament. In 1866, he became the first M.P. ever to call for women being given the vote, introducing a bill written by his friend Richard Pankhurst. Mill continued to advocate for womens vote along with other reforms including additional suffrage extensions. He served as president of the Society for Womens Suffrage, founded in 1867. Extending Suffrage to Women In 1861, Mill had published Considerations on Representative Government, advocating for for a universal but graduated suffrage. This was the basis for many of his efforts in Parliament. Here is an excerpt from chapter VIII, Of the Extension of the Suffrage, where he discusses womens voting rights: In the preceding argument for universal but graduated suffrage, I have taken no account of difference of sex. I consider it to be as entirely irrelevant to political rights as difference in height or in the color of the hair. All human beings have the same interest in good government; the welfare of all is alike affected by it, and they have equal need of a voice in it to secure their share of its benefits. If there be any difference, women require it more than men, since, being physically weaker, they are more dependent on law and society for protection. Mankind have long since abandoned the only premises which will support the conclusion that women ought not to have votes. No one now holds that women should be in personal servitude; that they should have no thought, wish, or occupation but to be the domestic drudges of husbands, fathers, or brothers. It is allowed to unmarried, and wants but little of being conceded to married women to hold property, and have pecuniary and business interests in the same manner as men. It is considered suitable and proper that women should think, and write, and be teachers. As soon as these things are admitted, the political disqualification has no principle to rest on. The whole mode of thought of the modern world is, with increasing emphasis, pronouncing against the claim of society to decide for individuals what they are and are not fit for, and what they shall and shall not be allowed to attempt. If the principles of modern politics and political economy are good for any thing, it is for proving that these points can only be rightly judged of by the individuals themselves; and that, under complete freedom of choice, wherever there are real diversities of aptitude, the greater number will apply themselves to the things for which they are on the average fittest, and the exceptional course will only be taken by the exceptions. Either the whole tendency of modern social improvements has been wrong, or it ought to be carried ou t to the total abolition of all exclusions and disabilities which close any honest employment to a human being. But it is not even necessary to maintain so much in order to prove that women should have the suffrage. Were it as right as it is wrong that they should be a subordinate class, confined to domestic occupations and subject to domestic authority, they would not the less require the protection of the suffrage to secure them from the abuse of that authority. Men, as well as women, do not need political rights in order that they may govern, but in order that they may not be misgoverned. The majority of the male sex are, and will be all their lives, nothing else than laborers in corn-fields or manufactories; but this does not render the suffrage less desirable for them, nor their claim to it less irresistible, when not likely to make a bad use of it. Nobody pretends to think that woman would make a bad use of the suffrage. The worst that is said is that they would vote as mere dependents, the bidding of their male relations. If it be so, so let it be. If they think for themselves, great go od will be done; and if they do not, no harm. It is a benefit to human beings to take off their fetters, even if they do not desire to walk. It would already be a great improvement in the moral position of women to be no longer declared by law incapable of an opinion, and not entitled to a preference, respecting the most important concerns of humanity. There would be some benefit to them individually in having something to bestow which their male relatives can not exact, and are yet desirous to have. It would also be no small matter that the husband would necessarily discuss the matter with his wife, and that the vote would not be his exclusive affair, but a joint concern. People do not sufficiently consider how markedly the fact that she is able to have some action on the outward world independently of him, raises her dignity and value in a vulgar mans eyes, and makes her the object of a respect which no personal qualities would ever obtain for one whose social existence he can ent irely appropriate. The vote itself, too, would be improved in quality. The man would often be obliged to find honest reasons for his vote, such as might induce a more upright and impartial character to serve with him under the same banner. The wifes influence would often keep him true to his own sincere opinion. Often, indeed, it would be used, not on the side of public principle, but of the personal interest or worldly vanity of the family. But, wherever this would be the tendency of the wifes influence, it is exerted to the full already in that bad direction, and with the more certainty, since under the present law and custom she is generally too utter a stranger to politics in any sense in which they involve principle to be able to realize to herself that there is a point of honor in them; and most people have as little sympathy in the point of honor of others, when their own is not placed in the same thing, as they have in the religious feelings of those whose religion differs f rom theirs. Give the woman a vote, and she comes under the operation of the political point of honor. She learns to look on politics as a thing on which she is allowed to have an opinion, and in which, if one has an opinion, it ought to be acted upon; she acquires a sense of personal accountability in the matter, and will no longer feel, as she does at present, that whatever amount of bad influence she may exercise, if the man can but be persuaded, all is right, and his responsibility covers all. It is only by being herself encouraged to form an opinion, and obtain an intelligent comprehension of the reasons which ought to prevail with the conscience against the temptations of personal or family interest, that she can ever cease to act as a disturbing force on the political conscience of the man. Her indirect agency can only be prevented from being politically mischievous by being exchanged for direct. I have supposed the right of suffrage to depend, as in a good state of things it would, on personal conditions. Where it depends, as in this and most other countries, on conditions of property, the contradiction is even more flagrant. There something more than ordinarily irrational in the fact that when a woman can give all the guarantees required from a male elector, independent circumstances, the position of a householder and head of a family, payment of taxes, or whatever may be the conditions imposed, the very principle and system of a representation based on property is set aside, and an exceptionally personal disqualification is created for the mere purpose of excluding her. When it is added that in the country where this is done a woman now reigns, and that the most glorious ruler whom that country ever had was a woman, the picture of unreason and scarcely disguised injustice is complete. Let us hope that as the work proceeds of pulling down, one after another, the remains of the mouldering fabric of monopoly and tyranny, this one will not be the last to disappear; that the opinion of Bentham, of Mr. Samuel Bailey, of Mr. Hare, and many other of the most powerful political thinkers of this age and country (not to speak of others), will make its way to all minds not rendered obdurate by selfishness or inveterate prejudice; and that, before the lapse another generation, the accident of sex, no more than the accident of skin, will be deemed a sufficient justification for depriving its possessor of the equal protection and just privileges of a citizen. (Chapter VIII Of the Extension of the Suffrage from Considerations of Representative Government, by John Stuart Mill, 1861.)